MongoDB Drivers

Official Drivers

npm install mongodb

pip install pymongo

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
  <artifactId>mongodb-driver-sync</artifactId>
</dependency>

dotnet add package MongoDB.Driver

🔹 Node.js Driver Example

The Node.js driver provides async/await support for modern JavaScript applications. Connect to MongoDB, perform CRUD operations, and handle errors with promises for clean, readable code.

// Install: npm install mongodb
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

// Connection URI
const uri = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
const client = new MongoClient(uri);

async function run() {
  try {
    // Connect to MongoDB
    await client.connect();
    console.log('Connected to MongoDB');

    // Access database and collection
    const database = client.db('myapp');
    const users = database.collection('users');

    // Insert a document
    const result = await users.insertOne({
      name: 'Alice',
      email: '[email protected]',
      age: 28
    });
    console.log('Inserted:', result.insertedId);

    // Find documents
    const user = await users.findOne({ name: 'Alice' });
    console.log('Found:', user);

    // Update a document
    await users.updateOne(
      { name: 'Alice' },
      { $set: { age: 29 } }
    );

    // Delete a document
    await users.deleteOne({ name: 'Alice' });

  } finally {
    await client.close();
  }
}

run().catch(console.error);

🔹 Python Driver Example

PyMongo is the official Python driver for MongoDB. It provides a Pythonic interface for database operations with support for all MongoDB features including aggregation, transactions, and change streams.

# Install: pip install pymongo
from pymongo import MongoClient

# Connect to MongoDB
client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017')

# Access database and collection
db = client['myapp']
users = db['users']

# Insert a document
result = users.insert_one({
    'name': 'Bob',
    'email': '[email protected]',
    'age': 32
})
print(f'Inserted ID: {result.inserted_id}')

# Find documents
user = users.find_one({'name': 'Bob'})
print(f'Found: {user}')

# Find multiple documents
all_users = users.find({'age': {'$gte': 25}})
for user in all_users:
    print(user['name'])

# Update a document
users.update_one(
    {'name': 'Bob'},
    {'$set': {'age': 33}}
)

# Delete a document
users.delete_one({'name': 'Bob'})

# Close connection
client.close()

🔹 Java Driver Example

The Java driver offers both synchronous and asynchronous APIs. It provides type-safe operations with POJO mapping, making it ideal for enterprise Java applications with strong typing requirements.

// Add dependency to pom.xml or build.gradle
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoClients;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;

public class MongoExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Connect to MongoDB
        MongoClient client = MongoClients.create("mongodb://localhost:27017");
        
        // Access database and collection
        MongoDatabase database = client.getDatabase("myapp");
        MongoCollection users = database.getCollection("users");
        
        // Insert a document
        Document user = new Document("name", "Charlie")
                .append("email", "[email protected]")
                .append("age", 35);
        users.insertOne(user);
        System.out.println("Inserted: " + user.getObjectId("_id"));
        
        // Find a document
        Document found = users.find(new Document("name", "Charlie")).first();
        System.out.println("Found: " + found.toJson());
        
        // Update a document
        users.updateOne(
            new Document("name", "Charlie"),
            new Document("$set", new Document("age", 36))
        );
        
        // Delete a document
        users.deleteOne(new Document("name", "Charlie"));
        
        // Close connection
        client.close();
    }
}

🔹 C# / .NET Driver Example

The .NET driver provides strongly-typed access to MongoDB with LINQ support. Map C# classes to MongoDB documents automatically for seamless integration with .NET applications.

// Install: dotnet add package MongoDB.Driver
using MongoDB.Driver;
using MongoDB.Bson;

// Define a model
public class User
{
    public ObjectId Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Email { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

// Connect to MongoDB
var client = new MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017");
var database = client.GetDatabase("myapp");
var users = database.GetCollection("users");

// Insert a document
var user = new User
{
    Name = "Diana",
    Email = "[email protected]",
    Age = 27
};
await users.InsertOneAsync(user);
Console.WriteLine($"Inserted: {user.Id}");

// Find a document
var found = await users.Find(u => u.Name == "Diana").FirstOrDefaultAsync();
Console.WriteLine($"Found: {found.Name}");

// Update a document
await users.UpdateOneAsync(
    u => u.Name == "Diana",
    Builders.Update.Set(u => u.Age, 28)
);

// Delete a document
await users.DeleteOneAsync(u => u.Name == "Diana");

🔹 Connection String Format

MongoDB connection strings specify how to connect to your database:

// Local MongoDB
mongodb://localhost:27017

// MongoDB Atlas (cloud)
mongodb+srv://username:[email protected]/database

// With authentication
mongodb://username:password@localhost:27017/database

// With options
mongodb://localhost:27017/database?retryWrites=true&w=majority

// Multiple hosts (replica set)
mongodb://host1:27017,host2:27017,host3:27017/database?replicaSet=myReplSet

🔹 Common Driver Features

All official drivers support these features:

🔹 Best Practices

Follow these guidelines when using drivers: