JavaScript Arithmetic Operators

Types of Arithmetic Operators

5 + 3 = 8

10 - 4 = 6

6 * 7 = 42

15 / 3 = 5

🔹 Basic Arithmetic Operations

Let's explore each arithmetic operator with examples:

// Addition (+)
let sum1 = 15 + 25;      // 40
let sum2 = 3.5 + 2.1;    // 5.6

// Subtraction (-)
let diff1 = 20 - 8;      // 12
let diff2 = 5.7 - 2.3;   // 3.4

// Multiplication (*)
let product1 = 6 * 4;    // 24
let product2 = 2.5 * 3;  // 7.5

// Division (/)
let quotient1 = 20 / 4;  // 5
let quotient2 = 7 / 2;   // 3.5

console.log("Addition:", sum1, sum2);
console.log("Subtraction:", diff1, diff2);
console.log("Multiplication:", product1, product2);
console.log("Division:", quotient1, quotient2);

🔹 Modulus Operator (%)

The modulus operator returns the remainder after division:

// Modulus examples
let remainder1 = 10 % 3;  // 1 (10 ÷ 3 = 3 remainder 1)
let remainder2 = 15 % 4;  // 3 (15 ÷ 4 = 3 remainder 3)
let remainder3 = 20 % 5;  // 0 (20 ÷ 5 = 4 remainder 0)

console.log("10 % 3 =", remainder1);
console.log("15 % 4 =", remainder2);
console.log("20 % 5 =", remainder3);

// Practical use: Check if number is even or odd
let number = 7;
if (number % 2 === 0) {
    console.log(number + " is even");
} else {
    console.log(number + " is odd");
}

🔹 Exponentiation Operator (**)

The exponentiation operator raises a number to a power:

// Exponentiation examples
let power1 = 2 ** 3;     // 8 (2 to the power of 3)
let power2 = 5 ** 2;     // 25 (5 squared)
let power3 = 3 ** 4;     // 81 (3 to the power of 4)
let power4 = 9 ** 0.5;   // 3 (square root of 9)

console.log("2 ** 3 =", power1);
console.log("5 ** 2 =", power2);
console.log("3 ** 4 =", power3);
console.log("9 ** 0.5 =", power4);

// Calculate area of a square
let sideLength = 4;
let area = sideLength ** 2;
console.log("Area of square:", area + " square units");

🔹 Increment and Decrement

Special operators to increase or decrease a value by 1:

let counter = 5;

// Pre-increment (++variable)
console.log("Original counter:", counter);     // 5
console.log("Pre-increment:", ++counter);      // 6 (increment first, then use)
console.log("After pre-increment:", counter);  // 6

// Post-increment (variable++)
let score = 10;
console.log("Original score:", score);         // 10
console.log("Post-increment:", score++);       // 10 (use first, then increment)
console.log("After post-increment:", score);   // 11

// Pre-decrement (--variable)
let lives = 3;
console.log("Lives before:", lives);           // 3
console.log("Pre-decrement:", --lives);        // 2
console.log("Lives after:", lives);            // 2

🔹 Practical Examples

Real-world applications of arithmetic operators:

// Shopping calculator
let itemPrice = 29.99;
let quantity = 3;
let taxRate = 0.08;

let subtotal = itemPrice * quantity;
let tax = subtotal * taxRate;
let total = subtotal + tax;

console.log("Subtotal: $" + subtotal.toFixed(2));
console.log("Tax: $" + tax.toFixed(2));
console.log("Total: $" + total.toFixed(2));

// Temperature converter (Celsius to Fahrenheit)
let celsius = 25;
let fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32;
console.log(celsius + "°C = " + fahrenheit + "°F");

// Circle area calculator
let radius = 5;
let pi = 3.14159;
let circleArea = pi * (radius ** 2);
console.log("Circle area: " + circleArea.toFixed(2));