JavaFX GUI

🎨 What is JavaFX?

JavaFX is a modern Java framework for building rich desktop applications with beautiful user interfaces. It provides powerful graphics, media, and web capabilities for creating engaging desktop experiences.


// Simple JavaFX Application
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class HelloFX extends Application {
    public void start(Stage stage) {
        Label label = new Label("Hello JavaFX!");
        Scene scene = new Scene(label, 300, 200);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.setTitle("My First JavaFX App");
        stage.show();
    }
}

Output:

Hello JavaFX!

Key JavaFX Concepts

🎭

Stage & Scene

Window container and content area

Stage stage = new Stage();
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 400, 300);

🧩

Controls

UI components like buttons, labels

Button btn = new Button("Click Me");
Label lbl = new Label("Welcome");

📋

Layouts

Organize components in containers

VBox vbox = new VBox();
HBox hbox = new HBox();
GridPane grid = new GridPane();

⚡

Events

Handle user interactions

btn.setOnAction(e -> 
    System.out.println("Clicked!"));

🔹 Basic JavaFX Application Structure

Every JavaFX application extends Application class:

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class MyApp extends Application {
    
    @Override
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
        // Create UI components
        Button button = new Button("Say Hello");
        button.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("Hello World!"));
        
        // Create layout
        VBox root = new VBox();
        root.getChildren().add(button);
        
        // Create scene and show stage
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 300, 250);
        primaryStage.setTitle("JavaFX Example");
        primaryStage.setScene(scene);
        primaryStage.show();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch(args);
    }
}

🔹 Common JavaFX Controls

Essential UI components for building interfaces:

// Text controls
Label label = new Label("Enter your name:");
TextField textField = new TextField();
TextArea textArea = new TextArea();

// Buttons
Button button = new Button("Submit");
CheckBox checkBox = new CheckBox("Remember me");
RadioButton radio = new RadioButton("Option 1");

// Lists and choices
ListView<String> listView = new ListView<>();
ComboBox<String> comboBox = new ComboBox<>();

// Event handling
button.setOnAction(event -> {
    String name = textField.getText();
    label.setText("Hello, " + name + "!");
});

🔹 Layout Containers

Organize your UI components with different layouts:

// Vertical layout
VBox vbox = new VBox(10); // 10px spacing
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, textField, button);

// Horizontal layout
HBox hbox = new HBox(5);
hbox.getChildren().addAll(button1, button2, button3);

// Grid layout
GridPane grid = new GridPane();
grid.add(new Label("Name:"), 0, 0);
grid.add(new TextField(), 1, 0);
grid.add(new Label("Email:"), 0, 1);
grid.add(new TextField(), 1, 1);

// Border layout
BorderPane border = new BorderPane();
border.setTop(menuBar);
border.setCenter(content);
border.setBottom(statusBar);