Dart Math Library

Math Functions

pow(2, 3); // 8
sqrt(16);  // 4.0
abs(-5);   // 5

sin(pi / 2); // 1.0
cos(0);      // 1.0
tan(pi / 4); // 1.0

Random rnd = Random();
rnd.nextInt(10);    // 0-9
rnd.nextDouble();   // 0.0-1.0

pi;  // 3.14159...
e;   // 2.71828...
ln2; // 0.69314...

🔹 Basic Mathematical Operations

Common mathematical functions and calculations:

import 'dart:math';

void main() {
  // Power and roots
  print('2^3 = ${pow(2, 3)}');
  print('Square root of 16 = ${sqrt(16)}');
  print('Cube root of 27 = ${pow(27, 1/3).toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  
  // Absolute value and sign
  print('Absolute value of -10 = ${abs(-10)}');
  print('Sign of -5 = ${-5.sign}');
  print('Sign of 5 = ${5.sign}');
  
  // Min and max
  print('Min of 5 and 10 = ${min(5, 10)}');
  print('Max of 5 and 10 = ${max(5, 10)}');
  
  // Rounding functions
  double value = 3.7;
  print('Original: $value');
  print('Ceiling: ${value.ceil()}');
  print('Floor: ${value.floor()}');
  print('Round: ${value.round()}');
  print('Truncate: ${value.truncate()}');
}

🔹 Trigonometric Functions

Working with angles and trigonometry:

import 'dart:math';

void main() {
  // Convert degrees to radians
  double degrees = 90;
  double radians = degrees * (pi / 180);
  print('$degrees degrees = $radians radians');
  
  // Basic trigonometric functions
  print('sin(90°) = ${sin(radians).toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  print('cos(0°) = ${cos(0).toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  print('tan(45°) = ${tan(pi / 4).toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  
  // Inverse trigonometric functions
  print('asin(1) = ${asin(1) * (180 / pi)} degrees');
  print('acos(0) = ${acos(0) * (180 / pi)} degrees');
  print('atan(1) = ${atan(1) * (180 / pi)} degrees');
  
  // Hyperbolic functions
  print('sinh(1) = ${sinh(1).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  print('cosh(0) = ${cosh(0).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  print('tanh(1) = ${tanh(1).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  
  // Calculate distance between two points
  double x1 = 0, y1 = 0;
  double x2 = 3, y2 = 4;
  double distance = sqrt(pow(x2 - x1, 2) + pow(y2 - y1, 2));
  print('Distance between (0,0) and (3,4) = $distance');
}

🔹 Random Number Generation

Generating random numbers and values:

import 'dart:math';

void main() {
  Random random = Random();
  
  // Basic random numbers
  print('Random integer 0-9: ${random.nextInt(10)}');
  print('Random double 0.0-1.0: ${random.nextDouble().toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  print('Random boolean: ${random.nextBool()}');
  
  // Random in range
  int min = 10, max = 50;
  int randomInRange = min + random.nextInt(max - min + 1);
  print('Random between $min-$max: $randomInRange');
  
  // Random double in range
  double minDouble = 1.0, maxDouble = 10.0;
  double randomDouble = minDouble + random.nextDouble() * (maxDouble - minDouble);
  print('Random double 1.0-10.0: ${randomDouble.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  
  // Random from list
  List colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'purple'];
  String randomColor = colors[random.nextInt(colors.length)];
  print('Random color: $randomColor');
  
  // Seeded random (reproducible)
  Random seededRandom = Random(42);
  print('Seeded random 1: ${seededRandom.nextInt(100)}');
  print('Seeded random 2: ${seededRandom.nextInt(100)}');
  
  // Generate multiple random numbers
  List randomNumbers = List.generate(5, (index) => random.nextInt(100));
  print('5 random numbers: $randomNumbers');
}

🔹 Logarithmic Functions

Working with logarithms and exponentials:

import 'dart:math';

void main() {
  // Natural logarithm (base e)
  print('ln(e) = ${log(e).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  print('ln(10) = ${log(10).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  
  // Exponential function
  print('e^1 = ${exp(1).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  print('e^2 = ${exp(2).toStringAsFixed(3)}');
  
  // Logarithm base 10 (using change of base formula)
  double log10(double x) => log(x) / ln10;
  print('log10(100) = ${log10(100).toStringAsFixed(1)}');
  print('log10(1000) = ${log10(1000).toStringAsFixed(1)}');
  
  // Logarithm base 2
  double log2(double x) => log(x) / ln2;
  print('log2(8) = ${log2(8).toStringAsFixed(1)}');
  print('log2(16) = ${log2(16).toStringAsFixed(1)}');
  
  // Mathematical constants
  print('\nMathematical Constants:');
  print('π (pi) = ${pi.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('e = ${e.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('ln(2) = ${ln2.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('ln(10) = ${ln10.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('log2(e) = ${log2e.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('log10(e) = ${log10e.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('sqrt(2) = ${sqrt2.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
  print('sqrt(1/2) = ${sqrt1_2.toStringAsFixed(6)}');
}

🔹 Practical Math Examples

Real-world mathematical calculations:

import 'dart:math';

void main() {
  // Calculate compound interest
  double principal = 1000;
  double rate = 0.05; // 5%
  int years = 10;
  double amount = principal * pow(1 + rate, years);
  print('Compound Interest:');
  print('Principal: \$${principal.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  print('Amount after $years years: \$${amount.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  print('Interest earned: \$${(amount - principal).toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  
  // Calculate area and circumference of circle
  double radius = 7.5;
  double area = pi * pow(radius, 2);
  double circumference = 2 * pi * radius;
  print('\nCircle Calculations:');
  print('Radius: $radius');
  print('Area: ${area.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  print('Circumference: ${circumference.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  
  // Generate statistics
  List numbers = [12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30];
  double sum = numbers.reduce((a, b) => a + b).toDouble();
  double mean = sum / numbers.length;
  
  // Calculate standard deviation
  double variance = numbers
      .map((x) => pow(x - mean, 2))
      .reduce((a, b) => a + b) / numbers.length;
  double stdDev = sqrt(variance);
  
  print('\nStatistics:');
  print('Numbers: $numbers');
  print('Mean: ${mean.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
  print('Standard Deviation: ${stdDev.toStringAsFixed(2)}');
}